What is Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD)?

An overview of what is SPD, causes, the different sub-types and therapy options.

Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) is a neurological condition that affects how the brain processes sensory information from the environment. It can affect people of all ages, but is most commonly diagnosed in children.

Individuals with SPD may experience a range of symptoms, including hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity to sensory input, difficulty filtering out irrelevant information, and difficulty integrating information from multiple senses. These symptoms can impact a person’s ability to function in daily life, including their ability to participate in social activities, perform daily routines, and learn in school.

The symptoms of SPD can vary widely from person to person and can include a range of sensory systems, such as touch, taste, sound, smell, sight and movement. Some people may be hypersensitive to certain sensations, such as certain textures or sounds, while others may be hyposensitive and have difficulty detecting or processing certain types of sensory information.

The causes of SPD are not yet fully understood, but researchers believe that it may be related to abnormalities in the way the brain processes and organises sensory information. Other factors, such as genetics, environmental factors, and medical conditions, may also play a role in the development of SPD.

There are several different types of SPD, including sensory modulation disorder, sensory discrimination disorder, and sensory-based motor disorder. Each type of SPD affects different aspects of sensory processing and can have unique symptoms and treatment approaches.

Treatment for SPD typically involves an occupational therapist (OT) trained in Sensory Integration. OT's aim to help individuals with SPD better understand and regulate their sensory processing, improve their ability to participate in daily activities, and enhance their quality of life.

Overall, SPD is a complex and often misunderstood condition that can have a significant impact on a person’s life. However, with early identification and appropriate treatment, individuals with SPD can learn to manage their symptoms and achieve their full potential.